Neo Liberal Hegemony and The Education Policy of Bangladesh

Tags: Education policy of Bangladesh | Neo Liberal Hegemony

ASAD-UZ-ZAMAN ASAD

The role of education is to build the nation and making linkages with knowledge and empowerment. It is true that education directly influences politics, culture and economy of a country. Ideological influences play a crucial role in shaping our educational framework. But in Bangladesh, discussion and thought on education are limited in an apolitical discourse. In popular thinking and practice, education is assumed as a neutral phenomenon. It is not analyzed in relation to colonialism, globalization, cultural imperialism, nationalism and other political issues alone. It is though campaigns and educational initiatives are enough to establish a people oriented educational system. That’s why our educational system is not encountering any criticism and resistance and thus, is being used as a tool of post colonial neo liberal power.

As global capitalism acts as the driving force for rapid transformation in education sectors, the process of globalization and the policy divide have impeded creation of a complete and comprehensive education system in the country. These rapid neo liberal reforms presents a weak linkage between knowledge and empowerment making education inaccessible and dearly. The educational divide has given rise to an inward, concentric and conformist pattern of knowledge generation and dissemination, where diversity and inclusiveness of education remains reclusive and empowerment and socio economic growth becomes a far cry.

Since 1980s to 1990s Development Partners in Bangladesh, especially the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) had been advising the government to make reforms in financial strategies under Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to achieve the so called macro-economic stability. This reform program was comprised with devaluation of local currency, reduction of state expenditure in service sector, privatization, market liberalization etc. Like Bangladesh many other poor countries adopted this policy, but failed to achieve the desired goal of economic stability.

During 1990s when primary education was liberalized and as a result of this, privatization in primary education was increased on one hand while quality of public primary education was deteriorating on the other, no serious attempt was taken to unearth the underlying politics behind this. As a result, private provision increased drastically and primary education reduced to NGO activities; furthermore, to a commercial product. As a part of this process, public primary education system had turned into a ‘guinea pig’ for WB and IMF, which has resulted into an inefficient, inactive educational system.

On the other hand, since 1990s, privatization in higher education has been initiated and as a result, private sector has become dominating in the field of higher education for the last few years. The issues of public welfare and state responsibility remained out of analysis too. This is due to our misunderstanding to the approach of education.

Now the government is under consideration of implementing a Strategic Plan for Higher Education in Bangladesh 2006-2026 which will discharge the autonomy of higher education. This would further privatize and commercialize the higher education sector making it out of reach for the poor. These policy shifts will instil neo liberal reforms in education replacing the colonized educational reforms that will keep pace with the ever changing western order of development needs. The ongoing changes in our education sectors do not reflect the people’s experiences and aspirations.

What is education? What is it’s relation with the state, politics, power and people? We don’t have any appropriate analysis of education as we don’t relate these political questions with our educational analysis. This is why, our education policy failed to be mass oriented; in contrast, it has been working as a discrimination producing tool, keeping the discrimination politics active.

Author: Programme Associate, D.Net (Development Research Network), Bangladesh.

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Arif (202.36.179.xxx) 2009-09-22 02:21:04

It is really a good article: addressing that how the IFIs work

with higher education policy in Bangladesh.......But I need to go through it. How can I get the Strategy plan for Higher Education 2006-2026?? Could you help me??

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UR Article

Manzur (210.1.247.xxx) 2009-07-29 19:01:41

I think its a real good article connecting development or detrioration of our education system with imperialist globalisation.U may elaborate further and publish in dailies.

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good work

Asad (76.68.165.xxx) 2009-07-28 22:32:40

Dear Mr. Asad,

your approach of putting current trends in educational reforms into the big-picture of neo-liberal transformation is interesting.

And, I agree with Mr. Mizan too, that similar liberlization efforts are going on in the public health and many other traditional public service sectors.

You have correctly identified the liberalizing milstones, like primary education during 1980-90 and higher education in post-90 era.

The next step would possibly be to express the perceived deterioration in these sectors in quantifiable terms.

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Great Start!

Muhammad Mizanur Rashid Shuvra (74.96.38.xxx) 2009-07-27 07:12:03

HI Asad, congratulations for a wonderful start in this issue. Although the issue itself is pervasive and perhaps affects almost all sectors of 'development', I have a slightly pessimistic take on this....my question to you would be....what are the choices of a poorly resourced and developing country would be? the second question is....since this is a result of capitalism how does the education system & outcome of communist countries compared education systems of countries affected by neo-liberalism? Finally, since the trend of privatization is increasingly becoming popular in other sector and also proving to be the key player towards development in the developed countries, how do you think education as an isolated phenomenon will be free from this?
I see things moving in concert, all the
development sectors most of the time do operate in a common political culture, of course in countries like Bangladesh where politics is a means of personal enrichment the concert does not play a smooth tune. So for example from my field of public health, there is a global urge on improving the health system of a country, every discussion to improve health system basically focuses on the development of the health system's infrastructure, trained human resources and continued supply of logistics in the health systems. Well, i argue mostly for the non-health intervention of health system, meaning we should focus on other factors that contribute to a person's choice and utilization affordability of health. The reason again is since everything moves together like a system, you cannot simply
improve the design of your bedroom and make the dining hall look like a mess.
But coming back to you article, do you have a plan to write more? I hope you can continue writing on this, it seems like many of your sentences are too philosophical and demands separate explanation....think about it.....i am sending you a book called "Neo liberal hegemony: a global critique" ....Keep up the great work!

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